AstraZeneca’s Truqap (capivasertib) in combination with Faslodex (fulvestrant) has been approved in the US for the treatment of adult patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-negative locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer with one or more biomarker alterations (PIK3CA, AKT1 or PTEN). Eligible patients will have progressed on at least one endocrine-based regimen in the metastatic setting or experienced recurrence on or within 12 months of completing adjuvant therapy.
First-in-class AKT inhibitor has potential to reshape treatment for breast cancer patients with specific biomarker alterations (PIK3CA, AKT1 or PTEN)
Approval based on CAPItello-291 results which showed this combination reduced the risk of disease progression or death by 50% vs. Faslodex alone in the biomarker-altered population
The approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was based on the results from the CAPItello-291 Phase III trial published earlier this year in The New England Journal of Medicine.1 In the trial, Truqap in combination with Faslodex reduced the risk of disease progression or death by 50% versus Faslodex alone in patients with tumours harbouring PI3K/AKT pathway biomarker alterations (based on hazard ratio of 0.50, 95% confidence interval 0.38-0.65; p=<0.001; median progression-free survival (PFS) 7.3 versus 3.1 months).
Breast cancer is the most common cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide.2 HR-positive breast cancer (expressing estrogen or progesterone receptors, or both), is the most common subtype, with more than 65% of tumours considered HR-positive and HER2-low or HER2-negative.3 Collectively, mutations in PIK3CA, AKT1 and alterations in PTEN occur frequently, affecting up to 50% of patients with advanced HR-positive breast cancer.4-6 Endocrine therapies are widely used in this setting, but many patients develop resistance to 1st-line cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors and estrogen receptor-targeting therapies, underscoring the need for additional endocrine therapy-based options.7
Komal Jhaveri, MD, Medical Oncologist, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK), US, said: “Patients with advanced HR-positive breast cancer typically experience tumour progression or resistance with widely used first-line endocrine therapies and there is an urgent need to extend the effectiveness of these approaches. The combination of capivasertib and fulvestrant, a first-of-its-kind combination, provides a much-needed new treatment option for up to half of patients in this setting with these specific biomarkers, offering the potential to delay disease progression and provide more time with their disease under control.”
Dave Fredrickson, Executive Vice President, Oncology Business Unit, AstraZeneca, said: “The rapid US approval of Truqap reinforces the important role of the PI3K/AKT pathway in HR-positive breast cancer and the critical need to test patients at the time of diagnosis, as up to fifty per cent have tumours with these alterations. As a first-in-class medicine, this approval provides a critical new option for patients in the US with this specific type of disease and we look forward to bringing Truqap to the many breast cancer patients who can benefit across the globe.”
In the CAPItello-291 trial, the safety profile of Truqap plus Faslodex was similar to that observed in previous trials evaluating this combination.1
Concurrently with this approval, the FDA also approved a companion diagnostic test to detect relevant alterations (PIK3CA, AKT1 and PTEN).
The US regulatory submission was granted Priority Review and reviewed under Project Orbis, which provides a framework for concurrent submission and review of oncology medicines among participating international partners. As part of Project Orbis, Truqap plus Faslodex is also under review by regulatory authorities in Australia, Brazil, Canada, Israel, Singapore, Switzerland and the UK.
Regulatory applications for Truqap in combination with Faslodex are also currently under review in China, the European Union, Japan and several other countries.
Financial considerations
Following this approval in the US, Astex Therapeutics is eligible to receive a milestone payment from AstraZeneca on first commercial sale of the drug in the US as well as royalties on future sales in line with the agreement between the two companies.
References
1. Turner N, et al. Capivasertib in Hormone Receptor-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer. NEJM. 2023; 388:2058-70.
2. Sung H, et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021; 10.3322/caac.21660.
3. National Cancer Institute. Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program. Available at: https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/breast-subtypes.html. Accessed November 2023.
4. Howell S J, et al. Fulvestrant plus capivasertib versus placebo after relapse or progression on an aromatase inhibitor in metastatic, oestrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer (FAKTION). J Clin Oncol. 2022; 23:851-64.
5. Hortobagyi G N, et al. Correlative Analysis of Genetic Alterations and Everolimus Benefit in Hormone Receptor-Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer: Results From BOLERO-2. J Clin Oncol. 2016; 34:419-26.
6. Millis S Z, et al. Landscape of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase pathway alterations across 19784 diverse solid tumors. JAMA Oncol. 2016;2(12):1565-73.
7. Lin M, et al. Comparative Overall Survival of CDK4/6 Inhibitors Plus Endocrine Therapy vs. Endocrine Therapy Alone for Hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. J Cancer. 2020; 10.7150/jca.48944.
